Q5. Explain
Branching Concept. Write syntax of Nesting and Ladder Branching statements
Decision
making structures require that the programmer specifies one or more conditions
to be evaluated or tested by the program, along with a statement or statements to
be executed if the condition is determined to be true, and optionally, other
statements to be executed if the condition is determined to be false.
Below
is the general form of a typical decision making structure found in most of the
programming languages −
C programming language assumes any non-zero
and non-null values as true, and if it is either zero or null,
then it is assumed as false value.
C programming language provides the
following types of decision making statements.
|
SNo. |
Statement
& Description |
|
1 |
if statement An if statement consists of
a boolean expression followed by one or more statements. |
|
2 |
if...else statement An if statement can be
followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the
Boolean expression is false. |
|
3 |
nested if statements You can use one if or else
if statement inside another if or else if statement(s). |
|
4 |
switch statement A switch statement allows a
variable to be tested for equality against a list of values. |
|
5 |
nested switch
statements You can use one switch
statement inside another switch statement(s). |
Ladder else-if
Statement
Control Flow
Syntax
if (boolean_expression_1)
{
//TB1
}
else if (boolean_expression_2)
{
//TB2
}
else if (boolean_expression_n)
{
//TB3
}
else
{
//Default-FB
}
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter any number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
if(num < 0)
{
printf("NUMBER IS NEGATIVE.");
}
else if(num ==
0)
{
printf("NUMBER IS ZERO.");
}
else
{
printf("NUMBER IS POSITIVE.");
}
}
Nested if-if-else
Statement
Control Flow
Syntax
if
(boolean_expression_1)
{
if(nested_expression_1)
{
//TB
}
else
{
//FB
}
}
else
{
if(nested_expression_1)
{
//TB
}
else
{
//FB
}
}